Math Equations

Write beautiful mathematical equations using LaTeX/KaTeX notation in MD Editor.

Overview

MD Editor uses KaTeX for fast, high-quality mathematical rendering. You can write inline equations and display (block) equations using LaTeX syntax.

Inline Math

Use single dollar signs for inline equations within text.

Example syntax:

The Pythagorean theorem is $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$ .

Display Math

Use double dollar signs for display equations (centered on their own line).

Example syntax:

\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{-x^2} dx = \sqrt{\pi}

Common Mathematical Notation

Superscripts and Subscripts

$x^2$ , $x^{10}$ , $x_1$ , $x_{ij}$

Fractions

$\frac{1}{2}$ , $\frac{a + b}{c + d}$

Square Roots

$\sqrt{2}$ , $\sqrt[3]{8}$ , $\sqrt{x^2 + y^2}$

Greek Letters

$\alpha$ , $\beta$ , $\gamma$ , $\Delta$ , $\pi$ , $\Sigma$ , $\Omega$

Operators

$\sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i$ , $\prod_{i=1}^{n} x_i$ , $\lim_{x \to \infty} f(x)$

Complex Equations

Quadratic Formula

x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}

Matrix

\begin{bmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{bmatrix}

System of Equations

\begin{cases} x + y = 5 \\ x - y = 1 \end{cases}

Integral

\int_0^1 x^2 \, dx = \frac{1}{3}

Summation

\sum_{k=1}^{n} k = \frac{n(n+1)}{2}

Try writing math equations →

Advanced Features

Aligned Equations

\begin{aligned} f(x) &= x^2 + 2x + 1 \\ &= (x + 1)^2 \end{aligned}

Multi-line Equations

\begin{gather} a = b + c \\ d = e + f + g \\ h = i + j + k + l \end{gather}

Matrices with Different Brackets

Parentheses:

$\begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{pmatrix}$

Brackets:

$\begin{bmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{bmatrix}$

Braces:

$\begin{Bmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{Bmatrix}$

Vertical bars:

$\begin{vmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{vmatrix}$

Mathematical Symbols

Comparison Operators

$<$ , $>$ , $\leq$ , $\geq$ , $\neq$ , $\approx$ , $\equiv$

Set Notation

$\in$ , $\notin$ , $\subset$ , $\subseteq$ , $\cup$ , $\cap$ , $\emptyset$

Logic Symbols

$\land$ , $\lor$ , $\neg$ , $\implies$ , $\iff$ , $\forall$ , $\exists$

Arrows

$\rightarrow$ , $\leftarrow$ , $\Rightarrow$ , $\Leftarrow$ , $\leftrightarrow$ , $\Leftrightarrow$

Text in Math Mode

Use the text command for text within equations:

P(\text{success}) = \frac{\text{favorable outcomes}}{\text{total outcomes}}

Spacing in Math

Control spacing with these commands:

Thin space: \,
Medium space: \:
Thick space: \;
Quad space: \quad
Double quad space: \qquad

Example:

$a\,b$ , $a\:b$ , $a\;b$ , $a\quad b$ , $a\qquad b$

Special Functions

$\sin(x)$ , $\cos(x)$ , $\tan(x)$ , $\log(x)$ , $\ln(x)$ , $\exp(x)$

Accents and Decorations

$\hat{x}$ , $\bar{x}$ , $\tilde{x}$ , $\vec{x}$ , $\dot{x}$ , $\ddot{x}$

Large Operators

\sum_{i=1}^{n} \quad \prod_{i=1}^{n} \quad \int_{a}^{b} \quad \oint_{C} \quad \bigcup_{i=1}^{n} \quad \bigcap_{i=1}^{n}

Tips for Writing Math

Use display mode for important equations - Makes them stand out
Keep inline math simple - Complex expressions work better in display mode
Use proper notation - Follow mathematical conventions
Add context - Explain variables and symbols
Test rendering - Preview your equations as you write

Common Pitfalls

Escaping Special Characters

If you need to use literal dollar signs in text, escape them with a backslash.

Example: The price is \$100

Curly Braces

Use backslash-escaped braces for literal braces in math.

Example: $\{x : x > 0\}$

KaTeX Support

MD Editor uses KaTeX for fast math rendering. Most LaTeX math commands are supported. For a complete reference, see the KaTeX documentation (opens in a new tab).

Examples from Different Fields

Physics - Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation

F = G\frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}

Statistics - Standard Deviation

\sigma = \sqrt{\frac{1}{N}\sum_{i=1}^{N}(x_i - \mu)^2}

Calculus - Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

\frac{d}{dx}\left[\int_{a}^{x} f(t)\,dt\right] = f(x)

Quick Reference

Common LaTeX commands for math:

Superscript: ^
Subscript: _
Fraction: \frac{numerator}{denominator}
Square root: \sqrt{x} or \sqrt[n]{x}
Sum: \sum_{lower}^{upper}
Integral: \int_{lower}^{upper}
Product: \prod_{lower}^{upper}
Limit: \lim_{x \to value}
Partial derivative: \frac{\partial f}{\partial x}
Infinity: \infty
Greek letters: \alpha, \beta, \gamma, etc.

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